High linolenic acid flax

ABSTRACT

Production of and uses for flax seed having a linolenic acid content of greater than 65% based on total fatty acid content are described.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/059,080, filed Jan. 30, 2002.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of agriculture. More specifically, the present invention relates to flax seeds, plants and oils having altered fatty acid profiles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Unsaturated fatty acids consist of monosaturates and polyunsaturates (PuFA). There are two classes of PuFA's, omega-3 and omega-6 which are considered as essential fatty acids (EFA) because humans, like all mammals, cannot synthesize them and most obtain them in their diet. Omega-3 is represented by alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) and linseed flax has the highest linolenic content of major seed oils. LNA is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA), increasing the chain length and degree of unsaturation by adding double bonds to the carboxyl group. Humans and animals can convert LNA to EPA and DHA.

Essential fatty acids have several vital functions: they increase metabolic rate, improve metabolism, increase oxygen uptake and increase energy production. EPA and their derivatives are components of membranes surrounding cells; they are required for the transport and metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides; they are required for normal development of the brain and for brain function in adults; and from EPA's the body makes hormone-like substances called prostaglandins which have important regulating functions in the body, i.e. they regulate arterial muscle tone, sodium excretion through the kidneys, platelet stickness, inflammatory response and immune functions.

In addition to being essential for normal growth and development, omega-3 fatty acids may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and other inflammatory and anti-immune diseases, and cancer.

Linseed flax is grown primarily for its oil which has many industrial uses; manufacture of paints and coatings, oil cloth, printing ink, soap, patent leather, core oils, brake linings, etc. Linseed oil is also used as an anti-spalling and curing agent for concrete surfaces including highways and bridges.

Linseed oil is used as an industrial oil because of its drying property, i.e. ability to dry rapidly to form a durable film upon exposure to air. The drying property of linseed oil is due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linolenic acid. The linolenic content of Canadian flax cultivars varies from 49-62% depending on cultivar and growing conditions. Temperature during seed formation and photoperiod influences the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid in linseed oil. Cool temperatures and longer photoperiod increases linolenic content. Other factors which may affect the variability of linolenic content are soil moisture, soil fertility and presence of disease.

High linolenic flax oil provides a valuable improved source of omega-3 fatty acid for human nutrition, animal feed and pet foods.

Higher linolenic content of linseed oil is desirable for most of the industrial uses and may result in new industrial uses.

Clearly, there is a need for high linolenic acid flax.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a flax seed having a linolenic acid content of greater than 65% of the total fatty acid content of said seed.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a flax seed that is the product of a plant line designated M5791.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a flax plant which produces seeds having a linolenic acid content of greater than 65% of the total fatty acid content of said seed.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a flax plant designated M5791.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided progeny of a flax plant designated M5791, wherein said progeny produce seeds having a linolenic acid content of greater than 65% of the total fatty acid content of said seed.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there are provided seeds from the above-described flax plants.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided oil manufactured from the seeds.

According to an eighth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing a flax plant line comprising the steps of:

-   -   (a) crossing a plant of a flax plant line designated M5791, or         progeny thereof, with an agronomically elite flax plant;     -   (b) selecting at least one decendant of said cross, said         decendant producing seeds having a linolenic acid content of         greater than 65% relative to the total fatty acid content of         said seed,     -   (c) the flax plant is self-pollinated and, therefore, the         linolenic content of seed progeny of M 5791 is stable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

TABLE 1 shows the fatty acid composition of major seed oils.

TABLE 2 shows fatty acid composition and iodine value of linseed flax and high linolenic flax (M 5791).

TABLE 3 shows the linolenic acid content of Canadian Flaxseed by province.

TABLE 4 shows linolenic acid content of four widely grown Canadian flax cultivars in flax co-operative tests.

TABLE 5 shows the analysis of linolenic acid content of M5791.

TABLE 6 shows the linolenic acid content of M5791 in field scale tests.

TABLE 7 shows the analysis of seed of F2 plants from cross between 97-7981.3 and U5.5.

TABLE 8 shows the half seed analysis of seed selected from high linolenic F2 plants from Table 7.

TABLE 9 shows the analysis of seed of F2 plants from cross between M5791 and U5.5.

TABLE 10 shows the half seed analysis of seed from plants from cross between M5791 and U5.5.

TABLE 11 shows the analysis of seed of F2 plants from cross between 7741-4 and U5.5.

TABLE 12 shows the linolenic acid content comparison of common varieties and F2 plants.

FIG. 1 shows the structural formula for fatty acids. The first number (before the colon) gives the number of carbon atoms in the molecule and the second gives the number of double bonds. ω3, ω6, and ω9 indicate the position of the first double bond in a given fatty acid molecule.

FIG. 2 shows the elongation and desaturation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

FIG. 3 shows the pedigree of high linolenic flax M 5791.

FIG. 4 shows the crosses used to generate M5791.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All publications mentioned hereunder are incorporated herein by reference.

Definitions

As used herein, “high linolenic flax” refers to flax seeds or plants wherein the percentage of total fatty acid content that is linolenic acid is greater than 65%.

As used herein, “inflammatory disease” refers to diseases that are associated with an inappropriate or over-activation of the inflammation cascade.

As used herein, “autoimmune disorder” refers to diseases characterized by destruction of host tissue by the host immune system.

The invention relates to flax seeds, plants or products made therefrom wherein linolenic acid is greater than 65% of the total fatty acid content. In some embodiments, the linolenic acid content may be greater than 70% of the total fatty acid content. In yet other embodiments, the linolenic acid content may be 70-80% or 70-75% of the total fatty acid content.

As discussed herein, the crossing of flax lines has produced a high linolenic flax line, designated M5791. As shown in Tables 4 and 5, M5791 shows much higher linolenic acid content relative to other flax lines.

The cross 97-27018-3×97-240214 from which M5791 was derived also produced many other lines with 73% or higher linolenic acid content. Two of these sister lines, designated 97-7981 (Tables 7 and 8) and 97-7741-4 (Table 11) were crossed with an accession, U5-5, as was M5791 (Tables 9 and 10). Selection for high linolenic content was carried out using a breeding procedure similar to that described for M5791.

Summarizing the results from Tables 7 and 8, the analysis of 120 F2 plants showed a linolenic acid range of between 66.6%-73.5%, with 62% of the F2 plants over 70% (74/120). In the half-seed analysis of F2 plant 160-53, the average linolenic acid content was 73.5% with a range of between 69.1%-77.3% and 99% of the seeds having linolenic acid content above 70%.

Summarizing the results from Table 11, 119 F2 plants showed a range of linolenic acid content between 66.6%-75.0%, with 40% of the plants having linolenic acid content above 70% (48/119). Half-seed analysis of F2 plant 157-43 showed a range of linolenic acid content between 69.0%-78.4%, with 98% of the seeds above 70%.

Selection for high linolenic content in subsequent segregating populations derived from selected F2 plants resulted in the identification of brown and yellow seeded lines with at least 2.0 percentage points higher linolenic content than that of M5791. Agronomic suitable brown seeded lines developed from cross 97-7981×U5.5 are M6549, M6550, M6552, M6553, M6554, M6555, M6561, M7059, M7061, M7062 and M7069. Linolenic acid content of these lines are summarized in Table 12.

Agronomic suitable yellow seeded lines developed from cross 97-7741-4×U5-5 include M6666, M7073, M7076 and M7077.

Thus, the initial crosses produced several progeny which had linolenic acid content above 70%, of which M5791 is a representative one. Other high linolenic acid cultivars were obtained from that cross without undue experiment. Similarly, when three of these high linolenic acid cultivars were crossed with another flax cultivar, progeny having high linolenic acid content were obtained as well.

As will be appreciated by one knowledgeable in the art, and as discussed herein, growth conditions can affect linolenic acid content. However, flax line M5791 can be grown and processed using means known in the art for growing and processing flax. Furthermore, it should be understood that any of the flax lines described above can be substituted for M5791 in the uses described herein.

The linolenic content of M5791 oil is not altered by any methods of extraction of oil from seed, i.e. solvent, cold press, or distillation.

As discussed above, flax and/or linseed oil have are present in a number of industrial, nutritional and medicinal products.

For example, linseed oil is used as an industrial oil because of its drying properties, which are in turn directly proportional to the linolenic acid content. Industrial uses of this oil include but are by no means limited to the manufacture of brake linings, adhesives, manufacture of hardboard and fibreboard, protective coatings, paints, house paint primers, varnishes, lacquers, stains, alkyd resins, enamels, epoxidized oils, floor coverings, linoleum, oilcloth, tarpaulin and other coated fabrics, patent leather, industrial chemical, fatty acids, soap, glycerin, printing inks, grinding oils, newsprint, core oils, caulking compounds, waterproofing compounds, mastic cements, foundry binders, brake lining, hardboard, shoe polish, herbicide, pesticide carrier, antispalling and curing treatments for concrete, tempering oil, bonding oil, and highly conjugated oils for hardboards and the like. Thus, use of linseed oil from high linolenic acid flax will result in, for examples, faster drying paints, coatings, inks and the like. Examples of industrial uses of linseed oil include but are by no means limited to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,965,633, 5,693,715, 5,653,789, 3,488,202 and 4,002,585.

Specifically, high linolenic acid oil or linseed oil prepared therefrom by means known in the art when used in the manufacture of flexible plastics will result in lower or no detectable monomer leakage from the plastics into fluid or air. Examples include but are by no means limited to refrigerator gaskets and medical tubing. High linolenic acid linseed oil possesses an oxyrane value higher than traditional linseed oil of at least 10.08 as calculated by means known in the art, for example, using nuclear resonance spectrometry and the use of high linolenic acid linseed oil results in new chemical structures which bind molecules, lowering monomer leakage.

Furthermore, high linolenic acid linseed oil when used as a base in an adhesive will glue aluminum and polyethylene, something not previously attainable. This in turn will have effects on several areas of manufacturing, for example, simplifying manufacturing of a variety of products as well as strengthening the resulting products, including for example aircraft production, boat and solar cell manufacturing.

Yet further, high linolenic acid linseed oil when used as an epoxy resin in manufacturing processes, for example, fibreglass, has no notable volatile organic compounds released. High linolenic acid linseed oil meets and exceeds new EEC standards and US EPA planned standards for manufacture, sale and installation of building products, manufactured such as boats, refrigerators and medical tubing.

Furthermore, the meal remaining from the flax seed oil extraction processes described above also has industrial purposes, for example, in animal feed or pet food. As will be appreciated by one knowledgeable in the art, meal from the high linolenic acid flax seeds may be used in any application known in the art for using meal from flax seeds, wherein the meal has the added benefit of having a higher linolenic acid content.

The above-described flax seed may be used, for example, to produce high protein animal feed. For example, the seed, oil, or meal may be used in feed for dairy and beef cattle, swine and/or poultry to increase levels of linolenic acid in the resulting food products, for example, eggs, meat and milk. As discussed above, the seed and meal may also be used in pet foods. The seed and oil may also be used as a source of linolenic acid for growing fish.

As discussed above, polyunsaturated fats, for example, linolenic acid are essential fatty acids and are required for increased metabolism, oxygen uptake, and energy production. As such, nutritional supplements or food products containing material produced or processed from the high linolenic acid flax line would be higher in polyunsaturated fats and therefore of greater benefit. As such, the high linolenic flax line, seeds or products derived therefrom can be used in, for example, nutritional supplements, food products for human consumption, pet foods and animal feeds. Examples of edible products include, but are by no means limited to, cakes, muffins, bread products (whole seed or flour), replacement for sesame seed in baking products, or cooked and dry cereals Examples of the use of linolenic acid or flax products in nutritional supplements or food products include but are by no means limited to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,069,903 and 6,060,101.

As discussed above, linolenic acid also plays a role in the prevention and/or treatment of a number of diseases, including, for example, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. In these embodiments, supplements or pharmaceutical compositions including material derived from the high linolenic acid flax are prepared and used to treat and/or prevent the above-referenced diseases or disorders. Examples of medicinal uses for flax and/or linseed oil include but are by no means limited to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,859,055, 4,415,554, 5,468,776 and 4,058,594.

In these embodiments, the high linolenic linseed oil or high linolenic flax may be included in a tablet, capsule, tincture, salve, paste, cream or the like.

In some embodiments, the high linolenic acid flax or linseed oil therefrom at therapeutically effective concentrations or dosages may be combined with a pharmaceutically or pharmacologically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent, either biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Exemplary examples of carriers include, but are by no means limited to, for example, poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid, poly(lactic acid), gelatin, collagen matrices, polysaccharides, poly(D,L lactide), poly(malic acid), poly(caprolactone), celluloses, albumin, starch, casein, dextran, polyesters, ethanol, mathacrylate, polyurethane, polyethylene, vinyl polymers, glycols, mixtures thereof and the like. Standard excipients include gelatin, casein, lecithin, gum acacia, cholesterol, tragacanth, stearic acid, benzalkonium chloride, calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, cetostearyl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene stearates, colloidol silicon dioxide, phosphates, sodium dodecylsulfate, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethycellulose phthalate, noncrystalline cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate, triethanolamine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sugars and starches. See, for example, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (20^(th) Edition), 2000, Gennaro, AR ed., Eaton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Co.

In yet other embodiments, oil from the seeds of the high linolenic acid flax plants are used as carriers or diluents for other pharmaceutical or medicinal compounds.

As will be apparent to one knowledgeable in the art, specific carriers and carrier combinations known in the art may be selected based on their properties and release characteristics in view of the intended use.

Thus, the high linolenic acid flax line, seeds therefrom or products derived therefrom can be used in the production of any flax-containing products known in the art. As will be appreciated by one knowledgeable in the art, these products will have the added benefit of having a higher linolenic acid content.

As will be appreciated by one knowledgeable in the art, the flax plant designated M5791 can be used to perform genetic crosses with other flax lines using means known in the art.

The invention will now be described by way of examples, although the invention is in no way limited to the examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Breeding Method Breeding Method

High Linolenic flax was developed by conventional plant breeding, ie. hybridization using cultivars, breeding lines and accessions, and selections for high linolenic acid content in segregating populations from crosses, at the AAFC Morden Research Centre, Morden, MB. The development of High Linolenic flax involved 6 crosses. In each of the crosses, the F2 and subsequent generations of crosses were advanced to the F7 generation using the pedigree method of breeding. Selection for high linolenic was initiated in the F2 generation. F2 plants were analyzed on a half-seed basis by gas-liquid chromatography of the fatty acid esters using the method described by Daun et al, J. Amer. Oil Chemists' Society, 60, 1983. Using the remainder of the seed, the F3 generation of high linolenic genotypes were grown in the greenhouse. Single plant selections were made in the F4 generation on basis of linolenic content. The F5 generation of selected lines was grown in a winter nursery. F6 lines were selected for high linolenic content at Morden and seed harvested in bulk. Seed of F7 lines was increased in a winter nursery. High linolenic flax was evaluated in replicated trials conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000, and in field trials conducted in 1998 and 1999 (Table 5).

Cross

-   F₁—greenhouse -   F₂— field; high linolenic genotypes selected by ½ seed analysis -   F₃— greenhouse -   F₄— field; plants selected for high linolenic content -   F₅— winter nursery -   F₆— field; lines selected for high linolenic and seed harvested in     bulk -   F₇—Seed increase in winter nursery -   F₈—Replicated trials in Manitoba -   F₉—Replicated trials in Manitoba and field trials in Manitoba and     Alberta

93-14492/93-15117y/3/92-2354/93-15117y

-   -   93-14492-NorLin/5173 (M 2854)//Culbert/FP 827 (914086)     -   93-15117y-AC Linora/427-2 (91-9791)//NorLin/Szegedi 62 (914306)     -   92-235-4-NorLin/5173 (M 2854)//McGregor/FP 842 (M 3547)         Date of Crosses:     -   Crosses 1 & 2-1993     -   Cross 3-1995

Pedigree/Origin of Parents in Crosses: Cultivars Origin AC Linora¹ AAFC AC McGregor² AAFC NorLin³ AAFC Raja AAFC Redwood 65⁴ U. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Culbert⁵ U. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. Lines (developed by AAFC) 5173 - McGregor//Redwood 65/High Oil Line/3/CI 2941 FP 827 - McGregor/3/Redwood 65//Valuta/Raja FP 842 - CI 2847/Culbert Accessions Origin Szegedi 62 Hungary Valuta Sweden CI 2847 USA CI 2941 USA 427-2 Argentina High Oil Line Unknown Description of Cultivars ¹Can. J. Plant Sci. 73: 839-841, 1983 ²Can. J. Plant Sci. 66: 175-176, 1986 ³Can. J. Plant Sci. 66: 171-173, 1986 ⁴Can. J. Plant Sci. 45: 515-516, 1965 ⁵Crop Sci. 17: 823, 1977

While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be recognized and understood that various modifications may be made therein, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications which may fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. USES OF FLAX Linseed Oil Adhesives, i.e., manufacture (High Linolenic Acid) of hardboard and fibreboard Protective Coatings: paints, house paint primers, varnishes, lacquers, stains, alkyd resins, enamels, epoxidized oils Raw & Refined Floor Covering: linoleum Boiled & Blown Oilcloth, tarpaulin and other coated fabrics Grinding Oils Patent leather Heat Boiled Industrial Chemicals: fatty (polymerized oils) acids, soap, glycerine Printing inks, grinding oils, newsprint, core oils, caulking compounds, waterproofing com- pounds, mastic cements, foundry binders, brake lining, hardboard, shoe polish, herbicide and pesticide carrier Antispalling and curing treatments for concrete Tempering oil, bonding oil, and highly conjugated oils for hardboards Seed Specialty Edible products: cakes, muffins bread products (whole seed or flour) replacement for sesame seed in baking products cooked and dry cereals Seed & Oil Health Food: source of linolenic acid to make pills inclusion in pharmaceutical mediator mutations Linseed Meal High protein animal feed Seed, oil, meal; Dairy and beef cattle, swin and poultry feed and also to increase levels of linolenic acid in food products, i.e. eggs, meat and milk Pet Foods: seed and meal Fish feed in fish culture: Seed and oil - source of linolenic acid required by growing fish, i.e. salmon

TABLE 1 Fatty Acid Composition of Major Seed Oils Fatty Acid Content % Saturates Oleic Linolenic Linolenic Linseed Flax 9 20 13 58 Canola 6 58 26 10 Safflower 9 20 70 <1 Sunflower 11 20 69 — Corn 13 25 61 1 Olive 14 77 8 1 Soybean 15 24 54 — Peanut 18 48 34 — Cottonseed 27 29 54 — Source: Agricultural Handbook No. 8-4 Human Nutr. Inform. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agric. Washington DC 1979

TABLE 2 Fatty acid Composition of Linseed Flax and High Linolenic Flax (M 5791) Fatty acid, % in oil Linseed Flax High Linolenic Flax Palmitic C16:0 5.4 4.5 Stearic C18:0 3.1 2.2 Oleic C18:1 17.1 9.7 Linoleic C18:2 14.7 10.8 Linolenic C18:3 59.6 72.8 Iodine 196 217 Value

TABLE 3 Linolenic Acid Content of Canadian Flaxseed by Province - 1992-1999* Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta Mean 1992 59.1 58.7 55.7 58.8 1993 57.9 61.0 60.7 59.7 1994 58.6 60.5 56.9 59.6 1995 55.8 59.4 60.8 58.1 1996 57.8 59.3 59.8 58.7 1997 58.8 57.4 58.9 58.0 1998 57.2 56.6 56.9 56.8 1999 60.4 59.4 59.0 59.6 Mean 58.2 59.0 58.6 58.7 Source: Quality of Western Canadian flaxseed, Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB. Linolenic acid determined by gas chromatography of methyl esters of fatty acids according to International Organization for Standardization, Animal and vegetable fats and oils 1505508: 199-0E

TABLE 4 Linolenic Acid Content of Four Widely Grown Canadian Flax Cultivars in Flax Cooperative Tests* conducted at Eight Locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 1995-1999. Manitoba Portage la Saskatchewan Morden Prairie Rosebank Brandon Indian Head Melfort Saskatoon Scott Mean 1995 A C McDuff 52.5 53.8 53.5 49.0 57.2 56.2 54.9 56.2 54.2 CDC Normandy 54.0 55.7 55.8 52.8 60.2 56.8 56.5 58.7 56.3 Flanders 55.0 56.5 56.3 52.0 60.2 58.9 57.5 58.9 56.9 NorLin 53.8 55.4 54.5 53.1 60.0 56.7 56.5 58.9 56.1 Mean 53.8 55.4 55.0 51.7 59.4 57.1 56.3 58.2 55.9 1996 A C McDuff 53.6 55.2 55.5 52.6 55.4 53.8 54.4 56.0 54.6 CDC Normandy 55.8 54.6 57.6 54.9 58.2 56.7 56.4 58.1 56.5 Flanders 57.3 58.3 58.0 54.3 57.8 56.2 56.8 558.7 57.2 NorLin 55.2 54.2 56.8 54.7 57.8 55.4 56.0 57.7 56.0 Mean 55.5 55.6 57.0 54.1 57.3 55.5 55.9 57.6 56.0 1997 A C McDuff 53.3 55.4 56.0 52.2 49.7 53.1 52.1 50.6 52.8 CDC Normandy 53.0 55.0 58.0 52.1 52.9 51.6 55.1 54.3 54.0 Flanders 55.9 58.9 58.1 53.8 53.9 54.8 55.1 53.7 55.5 NorLin 52.9 56.8 57.7 53.1 51.9 52.5 55.4 53.9 54.3 Mean 53.8 56.5 57.4 52.8 52.1 53.0 54.4 53.1 54.1 1998 A C McDuff 51.5 51.9 51.4 46.9 50.8 47.9 49.5 45.5 49.5 CDC Normandy 53.8 53.2 53.2 48.9 53.7 51.4 52.3 48.2 51.8 Flanders 52.6 54.3 54.6 49.7 53.5 52.7 53.0 47.8 52.3 NorLin 52.7 53.5 54.0 49.8 53.4 50.0 51.3 48.0 51.6 Mean 52.6 53.2 53.3 48.8 52.8 50.7 51.5 47.4 51.3 1999 A C McDuff 57.1 58.8 59.2 58.4 59.8 53.4 51.6 52.0 56.3 CDC Normandy 59.9 59.0 60.0 58.2 60.1 53.5 56.1 55.5 57.8 Flanders 60.2 61.1 62.4 49.0 61.4 54.6 54.7 55.6 58.7 NorLin 59.4 59.0 59.8 58.8 59.4 53.3 55.4 54.9 57.5 Mean 59.1 59.6 60.3 58.6 60.2 53.7 54.4 54.5 57.6 Overall Mean 55.0 56.0 56.6 53.2 56.4 54.0 54.5 54.2 *Cooperative tests conducted by Prairie Registration Recommending Committee on Grain. Linolenic acid content determined by gas-liquid chromatography of the fatty acid esters using the method described by Daun et al., J. Amer. Oil Chemists' Society, 60, 1983.

TABLE 5 Linolenic Acid Content* of High Linolenlc Flax (M 5791) in Replicated Trials in Manitoba, 1998 & 1999, in Comparison with Three Commercial Cultivars Morden Burdick Portage la Prairie 1998 High Linolenic Flax 70.1 AC Emerson 57.0 Flanders 53.1 NorLin 55.2 1999 Test 1 High Linolenic Flax 70.9 71.9 72.7 AC Emerson 61.7 60.6 65.1 Flanders 60.4 60.6 62.5 NorLin 59.7 57.8 59.3 Test 2 High Linolenic Flax 71.9 70.3 AC Emerson 58.6 59.2 Flanders 58.2 60.3 NorLin 56.9 59.3 Test 3 High Linolenic Flax 72.0 71.3 AC Emerson 60.5 61.6 Flanders 60.0 60.9 NorLin 58.6 58.2 *Linolenic acid content determined by gas-liquid chromatography of the fatty acid esters using the method described by Daun et al., J. Amer. Oil Chemists' Society, 60, 1983.

TABLE 6 Linolenic Acid Content of High Linolenic Flax (M 5791) in Field Trials, 1998 & 1999 Location Year % Linolenic Content Fisher Branch, MB 1998 72.7 1999 Field 1 72.7 Field 2 72.2 Erickson, MB 1998 72.9 1999 Field 1 72.9 Field 2 72.9 Gadsby, AB 1998 72.6 1999 Field 1 72.6 Field 2 73.1

TABLE 7-1 OILSEED QUALITY ANALYSIS SAMPLES ANALYS

F2 Single Plant DATE: Oct. 20, 1998 CONDITIONS: 160 25 seed No.: NTIFICAT

PLOT IODINE 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 1 160-1 208.7 3.7 2.3 16.5 9.3 68.2 2 160-2 214.7 3.6 2.2 13.1 9.8 71.3 3 160-3 207.7 3.4 2.5 17.6 8.4 68.0 4 1001 (25 seed) 198.3 5.0 3.4 16.6 13.7 61.3 5 160-4 213.8 3.5 2.5 13.8 9.0 71.3 6 160-5 214.2 3.5 2.3 12.8 11.1 70.3 7 160-6 213.9 3.4 2.5 14.0 8.8 71.3 8 160-7 211.8 3.3 2.6 14.8 9.4 69.9 9 160-8 214.7 3.7 2.2 13.9 8.0 72.2 10 160-9 214.1 3.5 2.7 13.5 8.7 71.6 11 160-10 214.3 3.5 2.5 12.2 11.4 70.3 12 160-11 216.5 3.2 2.4 12.7 9.0 72.6 13 160-12 210.6 3.6 2.5 15.2 9.3 69.3 14 160-13 210.1 3.4 2.6 15.3 10.3 68.5 15 160-14 209.2 3.6 2.5 16.3 8.8 68.8 16 160-15 214.8 3.7 2.2 13.3 9.2 71.7 17 160-16 211.5 4.0 2.5 13.6 10.4 69.5 18 160-17 213.2 3.5 2.3 14.3 9.2 70.7 19 160-18 213.3 3.4 2.6 13.5 10.2 70.4 20 160-19 213.5 3.4 2.4 13.3 10.6 70.2 21 160-20 214.4 3.9 2.4 12.0 10.9 70.8 22 160-21 210.3 3.7 2.5 15.6 8.7 69.5 23 160-22 210.7 3.6 2.5 14.3 11.1 68.5 24

1001 (Bulk) 196.7 5.3 3.3 16.9 14.2 60.2 25 160-23 211.9 3.5 2.3 14.1 11.0 69.1 26 160-24 209.4 3.8 2.5 14.8 11.0 67.9 27 160-25 213.7 3.7 2.2 13.3 10.3 70.5 28 160-26 215.6 3.3 2.3 12.9 9.5 71.9 29 160-27 213.1 3.7 2.2 13.4 10.7 70.0 30 160-28 215.6 3.6 2.0 12.4 10.7 71.2 31 160-29 216.2 3.8 2.3 11.4 10.7 71.8 32 160-30 217.0 3.7 2.2 12.0 9.2 72.9 33 P 1001 Bulk 196.6 5.3 3.3 16.9 14.2 60.2 34 160-31 213.3 3.4 2.5 14.0 9.5 70.7 35 160-32 215.3 3.7 2.2 13.0 9.2 72.0 36 160-33 211.7 3.4 2.8 14.1 10.3 69.4 37 160-34 214.4 3.4 2.4 13.8 8.8 71.6 38 160-35 212.2 3.8 2.3 13.2 11.5 69.2 39 160-36 211.8 3.7 2.5 14.4 9.5 70.0 40 160-37 214.8 3.4 2.5 13.3 9.1 71.7 41 160-38 205.5 3.7 2.8 16.5 10.2 66.7 42 160-39 211.1 3.6 2.7 14.1 10.5 69.1 43 160-40 212.7 3.4 2.4 14.7 8.9 70.6 44 160-41 212.0 3.8 2.7 13.2 10.7 69.7 45 160-42 211.4 3.4 2.3 15.0 10.0 69.2 46 160-43 210.1 3.7 2.9 14.0 10.9 68.5 47 160-44 213.8 3.8 2.4 13.4 9.3 71.1 48 160-45 213.5 3.4 2.5 13.4 10.3 70.4 49 160-46 212.6 3.7 2.3 14.3 9.3 70.4 50 160-47 213.7 3.4 2.4 14.2 8.7 71.3 51 160-48 214.7 3.4 2.4 13.6 8.9 71.7 52 P 1001 (25 seed) 198.5 5.1 3.4 16.5 13.6 61.4 53 160-49 216.4 3.6 2.5 11.5 10.1 72.3 54 160-50 215.6 3.6 2.6 12.5 9.2 72.2 55 160-51 212.0 3.3 2.4 15.2 9.0 70.1 56 160-52 213.4 3.2 2.5 14.4 9.1 70.8 57 160-53 217.8 3.3 2.2 12.2 8.7 73.5 58 160-54 213.3 3.4 2.4 14.6 8.5 71.1 59 160-55 213.4 3.5 2.3 14.2 9.2 70.8 60 160-56 212.2 3.6 2.3 14.6 9.5 70.0 61 160-57 216.3 3.7 2.2 11.5 10.9 71.7 62 160-58 213.6 3.6 2.4 13.6 9.2 71.0 63 160-59 208.4 3.5 2.4 16.2 10.4 67.5 64 160-60 215.4 3.4 2.3 13.2 9.2 72.0

TABLE 8-1 OILSEED QUALITY ANALYSIS SAMPLES ANALYSED: F2 Half Seed DATE: Nov. 24, 1998 CONDITIONS: 160-53 Brown No.: IDENTIFICATION PLOT IODINE 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 1 160-53-1 216.1 3.7 1.7 14.2 7.4 73.0 2 160-53-2 219.5 3.6 2.0 12.1 7.1 75.2 3 160-53-3 218.9 3.4 2.3 11.4 8.8 74.1 4 160-53-4 219.6 3.5 2.0 12.1 7.3 75.1 5 160-53-5 220.6 3.6 2.0 11.2 7.7 75.5 6 160-53-6 216.7 3.3 1.9 13.6 8.3 72.9 7 160-53-7 221.1 3.1 2.1 12.2 6.2 76.4 8 160-53-8 221.9 3.4 1.7 12.1 6.0 76.9 9 160-53-9 214.8 3.6 2.0 14.0 8.4 72.0 10 160-53-10 212.6 3.4 1.6 16.4 7.9 70.7 11 160-53-11 220.4 3.1 2.2 10.9 9.1 74.7 12 160-53-12 218.5 3.6 2.2 11.8 8.4 74.1 13 160-53-13 218.7 3.2 2.1 12.4 8.0 74.3 14 160-53-14 221.0 3.5 2.1 10.8 7.9 75.7 15 160-53-15 218.4 3.5 2.4 12.4 6.8 74.9 16 160-53-16 218.0 3.5 2.1 13.0 7.1 74.4 17 160-53-17 317.0 3.5 2.6 11.6 9.4 72.9 18 160-53-18 217.6 3.6 2.3 12.1 8.3 73.7 19 160-53-19 219.2 3.5 2.0 11.8 8.2 74.5 20 160-53-20 216.7 3.5 2.0 13.2 8.1 73.1 21 160-53-21 218.8 3.3 2.3 12.3 7.4 74.7 22 160-53-22 217.0 3.5 2.0 13.0 8.4 73.2 23 160{circumflex over ( )}53-23 217.0 3.4 1.9 13.9 7.0 73.7 24 160-53-24 216.1 3.5 2.3 13.0 8.4 72.7 25 160-53-25 219.4 3.7 2.0 11.6 7.7 75.0 26 160-53-26 217.2 3.4 2.0 12.9 8.7 73.0 27 160-53-27 214.1 3.7 1.9 15.0 7.5 72.0 28 160-53-28 216.2 3.7 2.7 11.9 8.7 73.0 29 160-53-29 208.4 3.7 2.2 18.0 7.0 69.1 30 160-53-30 217.6 3.1 1.8 13.8 7.8 73.4 31 160-53-31 220.1 3.3 2.3 11.3 7.7 75.3 32 160-53-32 216.1 3.4 2.5 13.9 6.3 73.9 33 160-53-33 217.9 3.6 2.5 11.8 8.1 74.0 34 160-53-34 219.8 3.4 2.1 12.2 7.0 75.4 35 160-53-35 218.7 3.6 2.5 11.9 6.7 75.3 36 160-53-36 216.9 3.4 2.3 12.8 8.1 73.3 37 160-53-37 218.8 3.3 2.2 11.7 8.7 74.0 38 160-53-38 222.8 3.3 2.0 11.1 6.4 77.3 39 160-53-39 221.3 3.6 2.0 11.1 7.1 76.3 40 160-53-40 217.5 3.6 2.2 12.4 8.0 73.8 41 160-53-41 218.1 3.6 2.0 12.6 7.7 74.1 42 160-53-42 215.4 3.4 1.8 15.4 6.2 73.2 43 160-53-43 216.0 3.5 2.2 13.8 7.4 73.1 44 160-53-44 219.4 3.5 1.9 12.4 7.1 75.1 45 160-53-45 214.1 4.0 2.6 13.8 6.7 72.9 46 160-53-46 215.0 3.5 2.3 13.9 8.1 72.3 47 160-53-47 217.7 3.6 2.3 12.9 6.6 74.6 48 160-53-48 219.3 3.5 1.7 12.3 8.0 74.5 49 160-53-49 218.9 3.6 2.0 11.8 8.0 74.5 50 160-53-50 216.3 3.5 2.3 13.2 7.9 73.1

TABLE 9-1 OILSEED QUALITY ANALYSIS SAMPLES ANALYSED: 98-GH10 DATE: 38166. 01999 CONDITIONS: 97-7163/UGG 5-5 25 seed High Linolenic No.: IDENTIFICATION PLOT IODINE 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 1 FP 1001 25s 6/25 192.9 5.1 3.3 17.1 13.6 59.1 2 H.L. 1 212.3 3.9 1.7 16.0 7.5 70.9 3 2 211.3 3.9 1.8 17.0 6.2 71.1 4 3 214.2 3.5 1.5 16.2 6.5 72.2 5 4 222.0 3.8 1.4 11.4 6.9 76.5 6 5 216.7 3.9 1.7 13.2 7.9 73.3 7 6 216.5 3.8 1.9 13.6 6.9 73.7 8 7 210.9 3.3 1.8 17.5 7.5 69.9 9 8 216.6 3.8 1.8 13.6 7.3 73.5 10 9 210.9 3.8 1.5 17.9 5.8 70.9 11 10 210.6 3.8 1.7 17.4 6.8 70.3 12 11 215.1 3.8 1.6 14.8 7.2 72.5 13 12 216.4 3.8 1.5 14.4 7.0 73.4 14 13 216.0 3.8 1.6 14.2 7.6 72.8 15 14 214.7 3.6 1.7 14.8 8.0 71.9 16 15 218.1 4.4 1.8 11.1 8.8 73.9 17 16 213.0 4.0 1.8 15.5 7.2 71.6 18 17 217.2 3.7 1.5 13.5 7.8 73.4 19 18 212.7 3.5 1.6 16.3 7.8 70.7 20 FP 1001 6/25 196.3 5.2 3.4 17.4 13.9 60.1 21 19 214.0 3.5 1.6 15.1 8.8 71.0 22 20 212.4 4.3 1.7 15.4 7.3 71.3 23 21 216.7 3.8 1.4 14.3 7.2 73.3 24 22 215.5 3.6 1.9 14.5 7.1 72.9 25 23 217.3 3.8 1.7 13.7 6.8 74.1 26 24 216.6 3.4 1.7 14.3 7.5 73.1 27 25 213.3 3.9 1.5 16.2 6.6 71.8 28 26 215.8 3.6 1.6 15.3 6.0 73.5 29 27 216.9 3.7 1.6 13.8 7.3 73.5 30 28 216.7 3.5 1.5 14.5 7.1 73.4 31 29 207.0 3.7 1.7 19.8 6.5 68.3 32 30 217.9 3.4 1.7 13.5 7.6 73.8 33 31 0.0 Insuff. seed 34 32 218.6 3.5 1.6 13.8 6.3 74.9 35 33 220.2 3.4 1.5 12.8 6.9 75.4 36 34 213.9 3.6 2.0 14.9 7.6 71.8 37 35 212.1 3.5 1.5 17.2 6.9 70.9 38 36 215.8 4.0 1.8 14.2 6.5 73.5 39 37 213.7 3.8 1.7 15.5 7.2 71.8 40 FP 1001 6/25 196.5 5.2 3.4 17.3 13.8 60.3 41 38 216.3 3.8 1.7 14.1 7.2 73.3 42 39 218.2 4.1 1.9 12.0 7.4 74.6 43 40 218.2 3.9 1.9 12.4 8.3 73.4 44 41 219.9 4.3 1.6 10.8 7.9 75.3 45 42 215.2 4.0 1.4 14.5 7.7 72.4 46 43 212.0 3.8 1.6 16.4 7.7 70.6 47 44 214.0 4.0 1.8 15.1 6.8 72.3 48 45 215.4 3.7 1.6 14.5 7.8 72.4 49 FP 1001 25s 6/25 196.4 5.1 3.4 17.4 13.9 60.2 50 46 216.9 3.5 1.5 14.0 7.8 73.2 51 47 217.6 3.7 1.8 12.6 8.4 73.5 52 48 220.6 3.8 1.6 11.5 7.5 75.6 53 49 213.1 3.9 1.6 15.1 8.6 70.8 54 50 210.6 3.5 1.8 17.6 6.9 70.1 55 51 216.3 3.8 1.7 14.1 7.1 73.4 56 52 217.9 4.1 1.9 11.3 9.1 73.6 57 53 218.6 3.9 1.8 12.9 6.1 75.3 58 54 208.3 3.5 1.7 19.2 6.7 68.9 59 55 219.7 3.9 1.7 11.7 7.3 75.3 60 56 215.4 3.8 1.7 14.2 7.8 72.5 61 57 213.7 3.5 1.7 15.9 7.0 71.9 62 58 218.0 3.5 1.7 14.0 6.4 74.5 63 59 212.5 3.8 2.0 15.8 6.9 71.5 64 60 215.5 4.3 1.8 13.0 8.6 72.4 65 61 216.7 3.4 1.5 14.1 8.3 72.7 66 62 218.4 3.7 1.8 13.1 6.9 74.6 67 63 215.0 3.8 1.8 13.0 10.3 71.1 68 FP 1001 6/25 196.2 5.2 3.4 17.3 13.9 60.1 69 64 215.8 3.6 1.7 14.4 7.6 72.8 70 65 208.5 3.9 1.7 18.8 6.3 69.4 71 66 219.8 3.8 1.5 12.2 7.4 75.1 72 67 210.8 3.4 1.6 17.7 7.2 70.0 73 68 214.6 3.8 1.6 15.5 6.2 72.8 74 69 216.9 3.5 1.5 14.6 6.9 73.6 75 70 218.1 3.8 1.7 13.0 7.1 74.4 76 71 218.6 3.4 1.6 12.5 9.0 73.5 77 72 216.4 3.7 1.7 14.2 6.6 73.7 78 73 213.8 3.8 2.1 14.0 8.8 71.3 79 74 217.0 3.9 1.8 12.9 8.2 73.3 80 75 212.8 3.8 2.0 15.3 7.9 71.1 81 76 214.0 3.4 1.6 16.3 6.7 72.0 82 77 215.2 3.8 1.9 14.4 7.1 72.8 83 78 217.5 4.0 1.6 13.4 6.4 74.5 84 79 217.5 3.7 1.6 13.7 6.7 74.2 85 80 216.3 3.9 1.6 14.2 6.8 73.5 86 81 215.6 3.3 1.6 15.7 6.4 73.0 87 82 217.3 4.0 1.5 13.3 7.1 74.0 88 FP 1001 6/25 196.4 5.1 3.5 17.4 13.8 60.2

TABLE 9-3 OILSEED QUALITY ANALYSIS SAMPLES ANALYSED: 98-GH10 DATE: 38166.0 1999 CONDITIONS: 97-7163/UGG 5-5 25 seed High Linolenic No.: IDENTIFICATION PLOT IODINE 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 89 83 221.6 4.0 1.6 10.8 6.9 76.6 90 84 209.8 4.0 1.7 16.9 8.0 69.4 91 85 209.9 3.9 1.4 17.8 7.1 69.7 92 86 214.5 3.8 1.7 15.3 6.9 72.4 93 87 219.7 4.3 1.9 10.4 8.4 75.0 94 88 217.0 3.6 1.7 13.6 8.0 73.2 95 89 218.2 4.1 1.5 12.0 8.5 73.8 96 90 215.7 4.0 1.7 13.9 7.5 72.9 97 FP 1001 25s 6/25 196.4 5.2 3.4 17.3 13.9 60.2 98 91 216.4 3.8 1.4 15.1 5.9 73.9 99 92 217.0 3.9 2.0 12.5 8.0 73.6 100 93 213.4 4.0 2.3 13.7 8.7 71.3 101 94 213.1 3.5 1.8 15.6 8.2 70.9 102 95 217.4 3.8 1.6 13.4 7.3 73.8 103 96 218.4 3.7 1.6 13.4 6.5 74.8 104 97 209.9 3.7 1.6 18.5 6.0 70.2 105 98 213.3 3.7 1.9 15.6 7.3 71.6 106 99 219.4 3.8 1.6 12.5 7.0 75.1 107 100 215.8 4.0 1.8 13.7 7.8 72.8 108 101 217.3 3.6 1.6 12.9 9.2 72.8 109 102 214.6 3.7 1.5 15.5 7.1 72.3 110 103 213.7 3.9 1.8 14.8 8.1 71.5 111 104 218.8 3.8 1.6 13.1 6.2 75.2 112 105 218.5 4.1 1.9 11.6 8.1 74.3 113 106 211.3 3.5 1.6 17.7 6.6 70.6 114 107 210.8 3.7 1.8 17.7 6.4 70.5 115 108 217.0 3.8 1.6 14.3 6.2 74.1 116 FP 1001 6/25 196.4 5.1 3.5 17.3 14.1 60.0 117 109 213.8 3.9 1.7 14.8 7.9 71.7 118 110 217.5 3.4 1.6 13.4 8.4 73.1 119 111 217.5 3.8 1.9 12.9 7.5 74.0 120 112 217.4 3.6 1.7 13.7 7.2 73.8 121 113 220.0 3.8 1.7 11.6 7.6 75.3 122 114 219.9 3.5 1.5 13.1 6.6 75.4 123 115 216.1 3.8 1.6 14.7 6.3 73.6 124 116 215.0 3.7 1.6 15.6 6.1 73.0 125 117 211.6 4.1 1.8 16.3 6.8 71.0 126 118 206.3 3.7 1.5 21.3 4.9 68.6 127 119 216.3 3.8 1.8 14.0 6.8 73.6 128 120 210.4 4.1 1.8 16.6 7.6 69.9 129 121 213.7 3.9 2.1 15.2 6.4 72.5 130 122 206.9 3.6 1.8 20.1 6.0 68.5 131 123 215.1 3.6 1.6 15.3 6.7 72.7 132 124 213.8 4.5 1.8 14.0 7.8 72.0 133 125 215.5 4.1 1.6 14.0 7.5 72.8 134 126 214.3 3.5 2.0 15.0 7.6 72.0 135 127 219.8 4.0 1.8 11.0 8.3 74.9 136 FP 1001 6/25 196.6 5.2 3.4 17.3 13.8 60.3 137 128 209.9 4.0 1.6 18.3 5.6 70.5 138 129 208.3 3.7 1.7 19.0 6.6 69.0 139 130 217.4 3.7 1.9 13.3 7.0 74.1 140 131 218.3 3.8 1.8 12.4 7.8 74.2 141 132 208.9 3.8 1.8 17.7 7.9 68.8 142 133 211.8 3.8 1.6 17.1 6.2 71.2 143 134 208.9 4.0 2.4 16.4 8.2 69.1 144 135 213.7 3.4 1.5 16.6 6.6 71.9 145 FP 1001 6/25 196.5 5.1 3.4 17.4 13.9 60.2 146 136 217.2 3.6 1.8 13.9 6.9 73.9 147 137 217.1 3.8 1.6 13.8 6.9 73.9 148 138 219.6 3.9 1.7 11.9 7.0 75.4 149 139 217.2 3.6 1.8 14.6 5.5 74.6 150 140 216.0 3.3 1.7 14.9 7.2 72.9 151 141 15 seeds 214.2 3.4 1.5 16.2 6.9 72.0 152 142 219.8 3.7 1.5 12.4 7.3 75.1 153 143 217.1 3.9 1.6 13.3 7.7 73.5 154 FP 1001 6/25 196.7 5.1 3.4 17.3 13.9 60.3

TABLE 10 OILSEED QUALITY ANALYSIS SAMPLES ANALYSED: Single DATE: Oct. 16, 1998 CONDITIONS: 97-7163 25 see

No.: IDENTIFICATION PLOT IODINE 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 1 97-7163, 1 213.2 3.5 2.7 13.9 8.9 71.0 2 97-7163, 2 213.8 3.6 2.7 13.2 9.1 71.3 3 97-7163, 3 214.2 3.5 2.8 12.7 9.6 71.3 4 97-7163, 4 214.0 3.5 2.5 13.8 8.8 71.5 5 97-7163, 5 212.6 3.4 2.5 15.0 8.0 71.0 6 97-7163, 6 214.7 3.5 2.5 13.1 9.2 71.7 7 97-7163, 7 213.3 3.4 2.6 13.5 9.9 70.5 8 FP 1001 Bulk 196.9 5.2 3.3 16.9 14.3 60.2 9 97-7163, 8 213.3 3.5 2.5 13.8 9.5 70.7 10 97-7163, 9 214.3 3.4 2.6 13.3 9.2 71.5 11 97-7163, 10 214.8 3.5 2.5 13.3 8.8 71.9

TABLE 11-1 OILSEED QUALITY ANALYSIS SAMPLES ANALYSED: F2 Single Plant DATE: Nov. 24, 1998 CONDITIONS: 157 Yellow No.: IDENTIFICATION PLOT IODINE 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 1 157-43-1 216.0 3.5 2.4 13.4 7.7 73.1 2 157-43-2 218.4 3.4 2.2 11.7 8.9 73.8 3 157-43-3 218.4 3.3 1.6 13.3 7.9 73.8 4 157-43-4 220.1 3.3 1.9 12.7 6.3 75.8 5 157-43-5 218.2 3.7 1.5 14.1 6.0 74.8 6 157-43-6 222.1 3.2 2.1 10.8 7.4 76.4 7 157-43-7 223.1 3.3 2.0 10.5 7.2 77.1 8 157-43-8 220.3 3.4 2.0 11.9 7.2 75.5 9 157-43-9 216.2 3.7 2.6 11.8 9.6 72.4 10 157-43-10 220.8 3.7 2.0 10.6 8.2 75.5 11 157-43-11 215.9 3.6 2.3 13.4 7.6 73.1 12 157-43-12 220.9 3.3 1.5 12.5 7.1 75.6 13 157-43-13 221.6 3.5 1.8 11.5 6.7 76.5 14 157-43-14 207.5 3.7 3.4 16.6 7.3 69.0 15 157-43-15 218.0 3.4 1.7 13.6 7.3 74.0 16 157-43-16 221.4 3.4 1.9 11.0 7.9 75.8 17 157-43-17 221.8 3.2 2.7 10.4 6.8 76.9 18 157-43-18 218.4 3.1 1.8 13.8 6.9 74.4 19 157-43-19 220.7 3.4 1.8 11.6 7.7 75.4 20 157-43-20 221.9 3.6 1.9 10.4 8.1 76.0 21 157-43-21 220.5 3.2 2.1 11.5 8.0 75.2 22 157-43-22 218.7 3.2 2.0 12.5 8.2 74.0 23 157-43-23 217.9 3.5 1.4 14.6 5.8 74.7 24 157-43-24 218.4 3.5 1.6 13.1 7.8 74.0 25 157-43-25 220.6 3.3 1.5 12.3 7.7 75.2 26 157-43-26 222.4 3.2 2.1 10.6 7.6 76.5 27 157-43-27 221.3 3.2 2.1 11.2 7.6 75.8 28 157-43-28 219.9 3.7 2.3 10.3 8.9 74.8 29 157-43-29 219.0 3.1 1.8 12.9 8.0 74.2 30 157-43-30 219.6 3.5 1.8 12.3 7.4 75.0 31 157-43-31 223.5 3.3 2.0 10.4 6.8 77.5 32 157-43-32 216.6 3.6 2.0 13.7 7.1 73.6 33 157-43-33 218.1 3.3 1.6 13.6 7.6 73.8 34 157-43-34 220.0 3.3 2.4 11.4 7.2 75.6 35 157-43-35 223.8 3.3 2.3 9.7 6.9 77.8 36 157-43-36 218.4 3.4 1.6 13.0 8.4 73.7 37 157-43-37 221.9 3.4 2.0 10.6 8.1 75.9 38 157-43-38 218.0 3.2 1.9 13.3 7.5 74.0 39 157-43-39 222.4 3.2 1.6 11.4 7.6 76.2 40 157-43-40 221.7 3.5 2.3 10.2 7.8 76.2 41 157-43-41 218.3 3.7 1.8 12.8 7.3 74.4 42 157-43-42 218.5 3.5 2.2 11.5 9.3 73.6 43 157-43-43 219.5 3.3 2.2 12.1 7.4 75.0 44 157-43-44 217.9 3.6 2.1 11.8 9.1 73.4 45 157-43-45 220.8 3.4 1.6 11.9 7.8 75.3 46 157-43-46 221.4 3.4 1.6 11.9 6.8 76.2 47 157-43-47 218.3 3.2 2.0 12.5 8.8 73.5 48 157-43-48 221.3 3.5 2.4 10.3 7.8 76.0 49 157-43-49 225.1 3.2 1.7 10.0 6.6 78.4 50 157-43-50 220.6 33.2 2.3 11.0 8.2 75.3

TABLE 12 2001 LINSEED CFET TEST - E % LINOLENIC ACID ENTRY NAME MDN BUR PLP MEL OVERALL 1 A C Emerson 51.6 56.1 51.3 55.1 53.5 2 Norlin 56.7 59.0 55.0 54.1 56.2 3 M5791 70.8 69.8 67.3 69.6 69.4 4 Omega 48.3 52.6 45.5 52.0 49.6 5 M6666 72.8 73.1 71.0 72.5 72.4 6 M7071 72.1 72.0 69.7 71.7 71.4 7 M7072 72.2 73.0 70.2 72.1 71.9 8 M7073 72.7 73.3 71.2 71.9 72.3 9 M7074 72.2 71.2 70.5 71.7 71.4 10 M7075 71.3 71.9 69.4 71.0 70.9 11 M7076 72.7 73.4 71.6 72.6 72.6 12 M7077 72.7 72.9 71.2 72.0 72.2 13 M7078 73.8 73.0 71.5 73.4 72.9 14 M7079 73.7 72.4 70.8 73.1 72.5 MEAN 68.1 68.8 66.2 68.1 67.8 CV % 0.6 1.2 2.5 0.7 1.4 LSD 5% 0.6 1.2 2.3 0.7 1.5 

1. A product comprising flax seed, flax meal or flax oil having a linolenic acid content of greater than 70% of the total fatty acid content.
 2. The product according to claim 1 wherein the product is ground flax.
 3. A method of preparing high linolenic acid linseed oil comprising: providing a quantity of flax seed having linolenic acid content greater than 70%; and extracting oil from the flax seeds. 